Islam Universalia: International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences

Tatacara Pemburuan Kapur Barus Menurut Kepercayaan Khurafat, Islamik dan Moden

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the evolution of Malay camphor hunting (Dryobalanops aromatica) and the factors that have shaped its practices from the pre-Islamic period to the present. It examines how knowledge, religious beliefs, and societal changes influenced camphor hunting methods. An exploratory research approach was used, combining document analysis and field studies. Secondary data included historical texts and bibliographic research, while primary data was collected through interviews with camphor plantation owners, cultural practitioners in Barus, and botany experts from the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM). The research identifies key changes in camphor hunting practices across three periods: pre-Islamic, post-Islamic, and modern. In earlier times, the practice was led by shamans and spiritual healers who performed superstitious rituals, including sacrifices, to seek permission from forest spirits. However, with the spread of Islam, camphor hunting evolved. The Islamic approach emphasized tauhid (the oneness of God), replacing superstitious practices with prayers and salutations to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This shift marked a move away from rituals that involved blood sacrifices or idol worship. In modern times, the scientific approach to camphor hunting focuses on understanding the ecology, classification, and sustainable management of camphor trees, promoting practices that align with environmental conservation. This approach dismisses superstition, highlighting the importance of empirical knowledge. In conclusion, while camphor hunting remains rooted in tradition, the Islamic and scientific approaches offer a more ethical, practical, and sustainable path. These changes reflect intellectual progress, aligning traditional practices with Islamic teachings and modern scientific understanding. The study also underscores that superstitions associated with camphor hunting are unfounded, further demonstrating the evolution of the practice towards a more rational and responsible approach.

Abstrak

Kajian ini menyelidik evolusi amalan pemburuan kapur barus (Dryobalanops aromatica) dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu dan faktor-faktor yang membentuk amalan ini dari zaman pra-Islam hingga ke masa kini. Ia mengkaji bagaimana pengetahuan, kepercayaan agama, dan perubahan masyarakat mempengaruhi kaedah pemburuan kapur barus. Pendekatan penyelidikan eksploratori digunakan dengan menggabungkan analisis dokumen dan kajian lapangan. Data sekunder termasuk teks sejarah dan analisis bibliografi, manakala data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pemilik ladang kapur barus, pengamal budaya di Barus, dan pakar botani dari Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM). Penyelidikan ini mengenal pasti perubahan utama dalam amalan pemburuan kapur barus merentasi tiga tempoh: pra-Islam, pasca-Islam, dan moden. Pada zaman dahulu, amalan ini dikendalikan oleh dukun dan penyembuh spiritual yang melakukan ritual berunsur khurafat, termasuk pengorbanan manusia dan haiwan untuk mendapatkan izin dari roh hutan. Namun, dengan kedatangan Islam, pemburuan kapur barus mengalami perubahan. Pendekatan Islam menekankan tauhid (keesaan Tuhan), menggantikan amalan khurafat dengan doa dan selawat ke atas Nabi Muhammad (SAW). Perubahan ini menandakan peralihan daripada ritual pengorbanan darah atau penyembahan berhala. Pada zaman moden, pendekatan saintifik dalam pemburuan kapur barus memberi tumpuan kepada pemahaman ekologi, klasifikasi, dan pengurusan lestari pokok kapur barus, dengan menekankan amalan yang selaras dengan pemeliharaan alam sekitar. Pendekatan ini menolak unsur-unsur khurafat dan mengutamakan pengetahuan empirik Kesimpulannya, walaupun pemburuan kapur barus masih berakar umbi dalam tradisi, pendekatan Islam dan saintifik menawarkan jalan yang lebih beretika, praktikal, dan lestari. Perubahan ini mencerminkan kemajuan intelektual yang selaras dengan ajaran Islam dan pengetahuan saintifik moden.

The Philosophical Meaning of Pandawa Lima in Wayang (An Analytical Study of Javanese and Islamic Culture)

Ngatmin Abbas, Mukhlis Fathurrohman — Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The Pandawa Lima, as an integral part of Javanese wayang (shadow puppetry), has undergone significant acculturation with the advent of Islamic influence in Java. This phenomenon reflects complex cultural dynamics worthy of deeper study. This research aims to analyze the philosophical meaning of the Pandawa Lima in the context of Javanese-Islamic cultural acculturation and examine its relevance in contemporary society. This study employs a qualitative approach with cultural hermeneutics analysis, supported by John W. Berry's acculturation theory, Clifford Geertz's hermeneutics, Yuri Lotman's cultural semiotics, and Homi Bhabha's concept of hybridity. The analysis shows that the Pandawa Lima serves as a dynamic sign system in Javanese-Islamic culture, creating a unique third space where Javanese and Islamic values are harmoniously integrated. The Pandawa Lima characters represent a synthesis of values relevant to contemporary issues such as ethical leadership, conflict resolution, and social harmony. This acculturation process also offers a model for broader intercultural dialogue, demonstrating how different traditions can synergize without losing their essence.

Marketing Strategy of the Zakat and Waqf Management Study Program

Ely Masykuroh, Anton Sudrajat — Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The phenomenon of competition and the emergence of many campuses with various study programs and the lack of enthusiasts for zakat and waqf management study programs is a necessity for study programs to carry out marketing activities by formulating appropriate strategies. This research method is qualitative with data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study offer alternative marketing strategies for zakat and waqf management study programs, namely cost advantage, differentiation, and focus.

Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Media Pengolahan Barang Bekas Pada Anak Usia Dini di RA Al-Muhajirin Medan Deli

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to improve fine motor skills in early childhood through recycled material utilization at RA Al-Muhajirin, Medan Deli. The research employs a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design. The subjects include 24 children aged 5-6 years. Data were collected using observation sheets covering fine motor skill indicators such as cutting, gluing, and decorating abilities. The results indicate a significant improvement in children's fine motor skills, evidenced by an average pre-test score of 6.6, which increased to 15.4 in the post-test. Data analysis using the N-Gain Score method yielded an effectiveness rate of 65.7%, categorized as moderately effective. This research demonstrates that recycling-based activities can serve as an innovative teaching method to enhance fine motor skills in early childhood while instilling environmental awareness values.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan motorik halus pada anak usia dini melalui pemanfaatan barang bekas di RA Al-Muhajirin, Medan Deli. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain pre-experimental one-group pre-test dan post-test. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 24 anak berusia 5-6 tahun. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi yang mencakup indikator keterampilan motorik halus, seperti menggunting, menempel, dan menghias. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dalam keterampilan motorik halus anak, yang dibuktikan dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari pre-test sebesar 6,6 menjadi 15,4 pada post-test. Analisis data menggunakan metode N-Gain Score menunjukkan tingkat efektivitas sebesar 65,7%, yang tergolong dalam kategori cukup efektif. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa aktivitas berbasis daur ulang dapat menjadi metode pembelajaran inovatif yang tidak hanya mendukung perkembangan motorik halus anak usia dini, tetapi juga menanamkan nilai kepedulian terhadap lingkungan.

Islamic Religious Education Literacy In The Era of Industrial Revolution 5.0

Rifqi Zaidan Fadhilah, Saepulah — Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Islamic Religious Education Literacy (PAI) is an important foundation in shaping the character and spirituality of Muslim individuals. This research aims to explore the impact of technology integration in PAI literacy in the era of the Industrial Revolution 5.0, as well as identify emerging challenges and opportunities. The research method used is literature review, which examines various sources of literature related to PAI literacy, the use of technology in education, and the Industrial Revolution 5.0. The results of the study show that the use of technology such as mobile applications, e-learning platforms, and social media can increase student engagement and understanding in PAI learning. However, significant challenges such as infrastructure readiness and teacher competence in utilizing technology still need to be overcome. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of investing in technology infrastructure and teacher training to improve holistic and adaptive PAI literacy. With the right approach, PAI literacy can play a key role in shaping a generation that is ready to face the challenges of globalization and modernization, while maintaining their identity and integrity as Muslims.